India is currently battling a wave of eye infection, commonly known as conjunctivitis or pink eye. It is not only contagious but can also affect an individual for upto 7-14 days. In certain cases, the infection can last for 2-3 weeks or more to clear up. While conjunctivitis can be a distressing condition, it does not pose any serious health complications. However, it is still important to stay vigilant and be aware of why it occurs, symptoms it can cause, ways to prevent it. We spoke to top doctors to shed light on the same.
Types Of Conjunctivitis, What Causes It, And How They Spread
According to Dr Yogish S Kamath, Professor and Head Of Department-Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, several factors can contribute to the spread of conjunctivitis, including viruses, germs, allergies, and irritants. The transmission solely depends on the type of pink eye you’re infected with. These include:
Viral Conjunctivitis: Adenoviruses, responsible for the common cold, often lead to this form of conjunctivitis. This highly contagious viral type can be transmitted through direct contact with an infected person's eye discharge or by touching surfaces exposed to the virus before touching your own eyes.
Also Read: Conjunctivitis Care: Follow These Tips For Quick Recovery
Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae, bacterial conjunctivitis is an infection. This type of conjunctivitis can spread via direct contact with infected eye fluids or by coming into contact with objects carrying the bacteria.
Irritant Conjunctivitis: The eyes can become irritated due to factors like smoke, chemicals, or foreign objects, leading to irritant conjunctivitis. This non-contagious form is triggered by an allergic response to the irritant.
As per a research published in StatPearls Publishing, 80% of acute cases of conjunctivitis are caused by viruses, the most common pathogen being adenovirus.
Dr Rahul Singh, MBBS, MS. DNB, ICO, Department of Ophthalmology, NIIMS Hospital, Noida International University., says, adenoviruses are a very contagious virus which can also cause some respiratory issues along with eye infections.
“Currently, conjunctivitis is spreading more due to heavy rainfall and water clogging at various places leading to infection and its rise this year,” says Dr Rahul Singh, MBBS, MS, DNB, ICO, Department of Dermatologist at NIIMS Hospital, adding, “The humidity caused due to rainfall works as the favourable temperature for the growth of the bacteria causing conjunctivitis.”
Symptoms To Watch Out For
Common symptoms of conjunctivitis include:
- Redness and swelling
- Watering and discharge
- Grittiness and irritation
- Itching and burning
- Crusting of the eyelids and eyelashes
According to Dr Arpitha Rao, Consultant Ophthalmologist, Apollo Hospitals, Secunderabad, certain symptoms may also demand professional advice. These include:
- Eye pain
- Sensitivity to light or blurred vision
- Eye redness
- Worsening of the symptoms
- Cloudiness of the cornea
- A weakened immune system
- Per existing eye conditions
Preventive Measures And Treatment Options
Here are measures to avoid the spread of conjunctivitis:
- Keep your hands clean
- Avoid touching or rubbing your eyes
- No sharing of personal items like hand towels, soap and pillowcases
- Disinfect the surfaces
- Cover coughs and sneezes to prevent the spread of germs
- Social distancing, avoid crowded places
- Skip swimming
- Avoid wearing contact lenses if you have pink eye
As far as treating conjunctivitis is concerned, Dr Rahul Singh suggests taking antibiotics that help eliminate bacteria and curbs their growth and mild steroids and antihistamines which help reduce inflammation in the eye. However, visit a doctor and avoid self-medication.
Bottomline
Conjunctivitis can arise from various causes, including viral, bacterial, and irritant factors, which is why it is important to determine the cause to receive effective and proper treatment. While viral and bacterial conjunctivitis can be contagious, transmission typically occurs through direct contact with infected eye fluids or contaminated objects. It is crucial to practise caution and adhere to preventive measures, especially when in close proximity to individuals with conjunctivitis. By practising good hygiene, refraining from sharing personal items, and seeking timely medical attention, individuals can effectively manage and mitigate the spread of this eye condition.
