Bringing a new life into the world is an incredible journey that takes meticulous planning and preparation. For women who are considering pregnancy, undergoing certain health tests beforehand is crucial to ensure a healthy pregnancy and a healthy baby. These tests can help identify and treat possible hazards or difficulties that may occur during pregnancy and provide significant insights into a woman's overall health. We spoke to Dr Priyanka Pandey, Sexual and Reproductive Health Expert, Last Mile Care, who listed essential pre-pregnancy health tests that every woman should consider.
The Importance of Pre-Pregnancy Health Tests
Dr Pandey emphasises that the journey to a healthy pregnancy starts with a comprehensive physical examination conducted by a healthcare provider. This examination assesses overall health, weight, blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration rate, pallor, and any underlying medical issues that may affect pregnancy.
Essential Blood Tests Before Pregnancy
Dr Pandey said, “Blood tests provide a plethora of information about a woman's health. Various types of essential blood tests need to be done to know the health condition in depth.”
- Blood Type and Rh Factor Test: Identifies blood incompatibility between the mother and baby
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) Test: Determines overall health and detects anaemia
- Blood Glucose Level Test: Screens for diabetes, which can lead to pregnancy complications
- Rubella Immunity Test: Checks immunity to rubella, crucial for preventing birth abnormalities
- Hepatitis B and C Screening: Detects infections that could be transmitted to the baby
- Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Tests: Screens for STIs like syphilis and HIV, which can affect pregnancy
- Thyroid Function Tests: Evaluates thyroid health, critical for fertility and a healthy pregnancy
Additional Pre-Pregnancy Health Tests
Dr Pandey said, “Apart from several blood tests, there are many other comprehensive tests that need to be considered and are equally important for a hassle-free pregnancy.” Some important pre-pregnancy health tests are essential to consider along with the blood tests for a healthy newborn and mother:
Genetic Carrier Screening
According to Johns Hopkins Medicine, numerous genetic abnormalities can be identified before childbirth. If you or your partner has a family history of genetic disorders, your healthcare provider may suggest genetic testing during pregnancy. Certain genetic disorders can be passed from parents to children like thalassemia, sickle cell anaemia, etc. Screening helps identify carriers and assess the risk of passing on such disorders to the baby.
Immunity Tests
Dr Pandey said, “Tests for immunity to infectious diseases like chickenpox and measles ensure the mother's protection, as contracting these diseases during pregnancy can be harmful to both the mother and the baby.”
Pap Smear and Pelvic Exam
A Pap smear checks for cervical abnormalities or infections, while a pelvic exam evaluates the health of the reproductive organs.
Urinalysis
A urinalysis can detect urinary tract infections, presence of albumin, sugar and other potential issues that might affect pregnancy.
Vaccination Review
Dr Pandey added, “Ensuring that vaccinations are up to date is crucial before pregnancy. Vaccines for diseases like influenza and pertussis (whooping cough) are recommended during pregnancy to protect both the mother and the baby.”
Folic Acid Levels
Adequate folic acid intake before pregnancy helps prevent birth defects in the baby's brain and spine. If levels are low, supplements may be recommended.
Also Read: Bodily Changes During Pregnancy: Expert Lists Changes Nobody Tells You About
Lifestyle Assessment
Healthcare providers often discuss lifestyle factors, including diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol, and caffeine consumption. Making healthy adjustments can positively impact pregnancy outcomes.
Chronic Condition Management
Dr Pandey said, “Women with chronic conditions, such as diabetes, hypertension, or epilepsy need specialised pre-pregnancy care to manage these conditions and minimise pregnancy-related risks.”
Medication Review
Discussing current medications with a healthcare provider is essential, as some medications may need to be adjusted or substituted to ensure they are safe for pregnancy.
Dental Checkup
Oral health is linked to overall health, and addressing dental issues before pregnancy can prevent complications later.
Mental Health Assessment
Mental well-being is crucial. Addressing conditions like anxiety, and depression, before pregnancy is vital, as they can impact both the mother and the baby.
Environmental Hazards Evaluation
Identifying and minimising exposure to toxins, radiation, moulds, and other environmental hazards is essential for a healthy pregnancy.
Genetic Counselling
If there is a family history of genetic disorders or pregnancy complications, genetic counselling can provide insights into potential risks and options.
Bottomline
Dr Pandey concluded, “By undergoing these medical tests and assessments, women can identify and address potential health concerns, optimise their overall well-being, and increase the likelihood of a healthy pregnancy and a healthy baby. It's essential to consult a healthcare provider to tailor these tests based on individual medical history and needs. Remember, a healthy start sets the stage for a smooth and joyous pregnancy experience.”
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by a registered medical professional and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your gynaecologist before you plan pregnancy to rule out the complications.]
Study Source: Johns Hopkins Medicine
