Breastfeeding is widely recognised as the optimal method of nourishing infants during the early developmental stages. The benefits of breastfeeding extend beyond basic nutrition, as breast milk contains a plethora of essential nutrients and immune-boosting properties that play a pivotal role in safeguarding the infant's health. However, despite these numerous advantages, some infants may develop allergies, which can be a concerning issue for parents and healthcare providers alike. Onlymyhealth reached out to Dr Harish V S, MBBS, Pediatrics at Apollo Cradle & Children's Hospital, Chennai to find out possible allergies in newborn that may occur during breastfeeding.
Understanding Infant Allergies
Infant allergies may occur when the immune system overreacts to certain proteins present in breast milk or in foods introduced during the weaning process. The most common allergens that may trigger allergic reactions in infants include cow's milk protein, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, soy, fish, and shellfish. Moreover, infants may also react adversely to allergens encountered through the maternal diet, as some proteins can pass through breast milk.
Allergic Reactions In Babies
Recognising the signs of allergies in infants is paramount for early intervention and effective management. Allergic reactions can manifest in various ways, and the severity may range from mild to severe. Common symptoms of infant allergies include:
Skin Rashes: Allergic reactions can often manifest as skin rashes, such as eczema (atopic dermatitis) or hives (urticaria). These rashes appear as red, itchy, and inflamed patches on the skin and may vary in severity. The immune system's response to allergens triggers the release of histamines, leading to skin irritation and the characteristic rash.
Gastrointestinal Distress: Allergies can cause gastrointestinal symptoms in infants, such as vomiting, diarrhoea, colic, or excessive spitting up (reflux). When allergens are ingested, the body may perceive them as harmful, resulting in an inflammatory response in the gastrointestinal tract. This inflammation can lead to various digestive issues, disrupting normal bowel movements and causing discomfort.
Also Read: Is Your Baby Suffering From Acid Reflux? Try These Home Remedies For Relief
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Respiratory Issues: Respiratory allergic reactions may include nasal congestion, wheezing, coughing, or difficulty in breathing. When allergens are inhaled, they can trigger an inflammatory response in the respiratory system, leading to the swelling of airways and increased mucus production. This, in turn, causes respiratory symptoms that can be particularly distressing for infants.
Behavioural Changes: Allergic reactions can also impact an infant's behaviour. Irritability, fussiness, difficulty sleeping, or constant crying may be indicators of an allergic response. The discomfort caused by the allergic reaction can make the infant restless and agitated, leading to changes in behaviour and mood.
Also Read: 10 Common Health Problems Among Newborns And Infants
How to manage Infant Allergies
If an infant exhibits signs of allergic reactions, one should promptly consult a medical professional for proper assessment and guidance.
- The first step often involves eliminating common allergens from the maternal diet, especially if breastfeeding is the primary source of nourishment.
- This elimination diet typically involves removing dairy, eggs, nuts, and other known allergens from the mother's meals.
- Moreover, healthcare providers may recommend exclusive breastfeeding for at least six months to minimise the risk of allergies.
- Breastfeeding may potentially reduce the likelihood of developing allergies by providing the infant with immunological protection and promoting healthy gut flora.
- When allergens cannot be entirely eliminated from the maternal diet or when breastfeeding is not possible, hypoallergenic infant formulas are available as alternatives.
Conclusion
Breastfeeding offers numerous health benefits and is the preferred method of nourishing infants. However, some infants may develop allergies to certain proteins present in breast milk or encountered during the weaning process. Understanding the signs of allergic reactions and promptly seeking medical guidance is crucial for effective management. By identifying and avoiding potential allergens, medical professionals can work to ensure the healthy development and well-being of the child.
